Notre système énergétique est en pleine transition et doit relever le défi d'intégrer dans le réseau de distribution des proportions élevées de sources d'énergie renouvelables intermittentes. En outre, l'électrification rapide de secteurs tels que le chauffage et la mobilité à travers les pompes à chaleur et les véhicules électriques nécessitent des solutions intelligentes. L'utilisation de la flexibilité du côté de la demande d'énergie sera l'une des clés de cette transition. L'évaluation des potentiels de flexibilité au Luxembourg, selon différentes perspectives, est l'objectif du projet FlexBeAn et l'ambition de ses trois partenaires.

La flexibilité pourrait à l'avenir être fournie par des sources variées, telles que les pompes à chaleur dans les ménages, les installations industrielles à grande échelle et les immeubles de bureaux, pour n'en citer que quelques-unes. Veuillez suivre les liens ci-dessous pour en savoir plus sur la manière dont vous pouvez participer au projet et en tirer profit :

• Découvrez comment vous, en tant que ménage privé, pouvez soutenir le projet en partageant avec nous les données de vos compteurs intelligents et en obtenant des informations sur votre consommation d'énergie ! Ou répondez à notre enquête et donnez-nous votre avis sur la manière dont vous pourriez être incité à fournir de la flexibilité pour la transition énergétique.
• En tant qu'industrie: : entamez un échange avec nous sur vos demandes d'énergie et vos processus connexes et obtenez un retour d'information sur vos options de flexibilité et les économies potentielles.
• Voyez comment vous, en tant que PME ou entreprise du secteur des services, pourriez utiliser les actifs existants, par exemple dans vos bâtiments, pour assurer la flexibilité et réduire les coûts énergétiques.

The results of the Flexibility Potentials and user Behaviour Analysis project (FlexBeAn) are now available, marking the completion of a three-year collaborative effort to better understand how flexibility in electricity consumption can support the stability of Luxembourg’s grid.

Conducted between 2022 and 2025 by the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Creos and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust at the University of Luxembourg, the project provides new data, models and recommendations to help integrate growing shares of renewable energy into the national electricity system. 

Addressing a growing challenge for the grid

As Luxembourg increases its reliance on renewable energy, maintaining the balance between electricity supply and demand is becoming more complex. Unlike conventional power plants, renewable sources such as solar and wind are variable, while electricity demand is rising with the electrification of mobility and heating.

At every moment, the grid must remain balanced: too much or too little electricity can affect system stability. In this context, flexibility — the ability to adjust consumption or production — is emerging as a key lever for the energy transition. 

FlexBeAn focused specifically on demand-side flexibility, exploring how consumers, from households to industry, can adapt their electricity use to better match available supply. 

From modelling to behavioural insights

A crucial part of the project, has been the analysis of both technical and behavioural aspects of flexibility.

On the technical side, LIST developed models to assess how much flexibility different sectors can provide, and when it is available. These models covered industry, service sector and households, with detailed simulations for residential uses such as electric vehicles, heat pumps and smart appliances. We also explored future scenarios up to 2040, reflecting the expected growth of electrification and decentralised energy systems. 

In parallel, LIST researchers contributed to understanding how households engage with flexibility. Through surveys and dedicated tools, the research examined how energy literacy and user motivation influence the willingness to adapt electricity consumption. 

Insights into the economics behind flexibility provision

The project combined complementary expertise across partners. The SnT focused on the economic dimension of flexibility, analysing how financial incentives and market mechanisms, such as dynamic pricing, can encourage consumers to adapt their electricity use. 

Creos, as a national grid operator, provided the operational context and will use the project’s results to support future grid management and planning. 

From research to practical outcomes

Beyond analysis, the project delivers concrete outputs for both operational and policy use. A key result is a simulation tool developed by LIST, enabling grid operators to model flexibility under different scenarios and adjust assumptions over time. This allows for a more dynamic approach to grid planning, rather than relying on static forecasts. 

In addition, the project produced a “North Star” document, summarising key findings and outlining recommendations for policymakers and regulators to help unlock demand-side flexibility at scale. 

Key findings and next steps

The project confirms that consumers can play a significant role in balancing the electricity grid. Much of the flexibility potential lies in decentralised technologies, particularly in the residential sector, including batteries, smart EV charging and heat pumps. 

However, the findings also highlight that technical potential alone is not sufficient. Behavioural factors and well-designed economic incentives are essential to translate this potential into real-world impact. 

With the project completed, the focus now shifts to implementation. The results have been shared with key stakeholders, including the Ministry of Energy and the national regulator, to inform future regulatory frameworks and market mechanisms. 

The publication of the project’s reports and tools makes these insights accessible to a broader audience, supporting ongoing efforts to build a more flexible, reliable and sustainable electricity system in Luxembourg.

Results and reports